PDCA (Plan Do Check Act)
Continually Improving, in a Methodical Way
What Is PDCA?
The Four Phases of the PDCA Cycle
1. Plan.
2. Do.
3. Check.
4. Act.
When to Use PDCA
How to Use PDCA in Your Life
While PDCA/PDSA is an effective business tool, you can also use it to improve your own performance:
First, Plan: Identify what's holding you back personally, and how you want to progress. Look at the root causes of any issues, and set goals to overcome these obstacles.
Next, Do: When you've decided on your course of action, safely test different ways of getting the results that you want.
Then, Check: Review your progress regularly, adjust your behavior accordingly, and consider the consequences of your actions.
Finally, Act: Implement what's working, continually refine what isn't, and carry on the cycle of continuous improvement.
What is problem-solving?
- Problem Solving Methods are various methods used to solve the problem.
- - A Problem is an undesirable event or In other words, "Any Gap between what is expected and what is obtained".
- Any effort to reduce this gap between what is expected and what is obtained is called "Problem Solving".
What is the problem-solving approach?
The most important two things are related to all problems: 1. Goal and 2. Barriers
[1] Goal:
- It can be anything that we want to achieve or we want to be.
- Let's take one example to understand this thing.
- If I am hungry then my goal is to eat something. - If I am Managing Director of a company then my target is to increase profit this is the main goal and further, it is subdivided into many sub-goals to achieve the main target.
[2] Barriers:
- If there is no barrier to achieve the goal then it is not an issue. The barrier prevents the achievement of the goal.
- Let's take the above example to understand this thing.
- In the first case, my target is to eat something but I have no food at my home so this is a barrier. To remove this barrier I have to go to the shop or market to purchase
What is Problem Solving Skills?
- Creativity
- Team Work
- Research & Analysis
- Intelligence
- Risk Management (Risk Based Thinking).
- Decision Making
- Active listening
- Communication
What are the 5 steps problem-solving method
1. Identify
2. Analyze
3. Find out the Solution
4. Implement the Solution
5. Monitoring. Analysis, and Evaluation of Solution
Types of Problem Solving:
- Correction
- Corrective Action
- Prevention
- Preventive Action
[1] Correction
In a simple word "Correction is like first-aid, Correction is the instant action that is taken to correct the nonconformity or to reduce the impact of nonconformity
[2] Corrective Action
- Corrective actions are steps that are taken to remove the causes of an existing nonconformity or desirable situation or event
[3]. Prevention:
- Prevention is to eliminate the causes of potential nonconformities or potential situations that are responsible for an undesirable situation or event.
[4] Preventive Action
Preventive actions are steps that are taken to remove the causes of potential nonconformities or potential situations that are undesirable.
Problem Solving Methods:
1. PDCA - Cycle
2. DMAIC Method
3. 8D Method
4. A3 Method
[1] PDCA - Cycle:
- PDCA (plan do-check-act) cycle is also called the Daming Cycle or Daming Wheel
- While PDSA (plan-do-study-act) is called the Shewhart Cycle
- PDCA (plan-do-check-act) is a repetitive four stage model for Continuous Improvement in business or process management
- PDCA Cycle is implemented within
>Product Lifecycle Management
>Project Management
>Human Resource Management (HRM)
>Supply Chain Management (SCM) and many other areas of business
- PDCA Cycle refers to :
>>P- Plan Make Plan for any Project
>>D-Do- Carry out the Plan
>>C- Check Summarize the Result
>>A=Act - Determine what changes to be made
[2] DMAIC Method:
- DMAIC Methodology is a quality strategy used to improve processes
- In general, DMAIC can be implemented as a standalone Quality Improvement procedure or as part of other process improvements
- It is an integral part of a Six Sigma initiative

DMAIC Methodology refers to :
- D=Define
- M= Measure
- A= Analyze
- I = Improve
- C=Control
[3] 8D Method:
- 8D Methodology is widely used by Ford Motors and its suppliers
- This methodology was developed by ford motors and widely used by many manufacturing industries

Eight Steps or 8 Disciplines of 8D Methodology are mentioned below.
1. Create Team & Collect Information
2. Describe the Problem
3. Interim Containment Actions
4. Root Cause Analysis
5. Define the possible corrective actions
6. Implement corrective actions
7. Define actions to avoid recurrence
8.Congratulate the Team
[4] A3 Method:
- It is widely used by Toyota Motors and its suppliers.
Eight Steps of A3 Methodology are mentioned below.
- Clarify the issue
- Break down the issue
- Set the Target
- Analyze the root cause
- Develop countermeasure
- See Countermeasure
- Evaluate results & Processes
- Standardize Success

TVS Creon could become the second electric scooter from the brand and it could be launched sometime next year
TVS Motor Company’s debut of the iQube earlier this year did come as a surprise and it is equipped with a 4.4 kW electric motor claimed capable of 75 km riding range on a single charge using a Lithium-ion battery pack. It has a top speed of 78 kmph and boasts connectivity features along with Economy and Power riding modes, park assist, Day and Night display, smartphone integration with Bluetooth, location access in real time, etc.
When we rode the TVS iQube we were impressed by how well it adopts to the conditions and is ideal for city commuting. The homegrown two-wheeler manufacturer will certainly expands its electric portfolio in the coming years and we do expect the Creon to be next in line. At the 2020 Auto Expo, TVS showcased the Zeppelin concept with a 1,200 W regenerative assist motor, a 48 V Li-ion battery and Integrated Starter Generator.
Recently, TVS filed a trademark for the Zeppelin R as it hints at a possible production cruiser. The Zeppelin was accompanied on the show floor by an electric scooter christened the Creon. The biennial Auto Expo sees TVS displaying a range of futuristic concepts as the Entorq 210 and iQube come to mind. While the iQube competes against Bajaj Chetak and Other 450X, the production version of the Creon could step things up a bit.
The Creon concept used a pack of three lithium-ion batteries with an electric motor having a capacity of 12 kW. It was claimed to do zero to 60 kmph in just 5.1 seconds with a range of 80 km on a single charge. Utilising a DC fast charging facility, the Creon was rated to replenish from zero to 80 per cent in just 60 minutes. The production Creon could offer more performance without compromising on efficiency.
It is expected to be priced on the premium scale as the concept featured a TFT screen indicating battery charge and health status, along with connectivity features such smartphone integration, parking assist, geo-fencing, riding modes, etc. As the iQube, it may also feature home charging unit, regenerative braking, over-speed alert, incoming call/SMS alert, navigation assist, range indicator, reversing assist and so on.

It could be based on the same perimeter frame as the concept. Just as the iQube, the Creon electric scooter will more likely get a dedicated application as well for the ease of smart home charging and finding public charging stations. The overall design could be a slightly toned down version of the concept with LED lighting all around, a digital instrumentation and a large under storage capacity











